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evolutionary anachronism
Evolutionary anachronism in plants, refers to those fruit, flower, leaf and stem attributes that evolved as an interaction with animals that are now extinct.〔Barlow, Connie C. (2000). ''The Ghosts of Evolution: Nonsensical Fruit, Missing Partners, and Other Ecological Anachronisms''. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 9780465005512.〕
==The megafauna dispersal syndrome==
Dispersal syndromes are complexes of fruit traits that enable plants to disperse seeds. The kind of fruits that birds are attracted to are usually small, with only a thin protective skin, and the colors are red or dark shades of blue or purple. Fruits categorized as mammal syndrome are bigger than bird fruits. They possess a tough rind or husk, emit a strong odor when ripe but retain a dull coloration of brown, burnished yellow, orange or remain green. The megafauna dispersal syndrome refers to those attributes of fruits that evolved in order to attract megafauna (animals that weigh or weighed more than 44 kilograms) as primary dispersal agents. Since the Holocene extinction, the large herbivores have become extinct outside Africa and to a lesser extent Australia, leaving these fruits without a suitable dispersal mechanism in the absence of agriculture.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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